Mousses de polyuréthane

摘要

A polyol/polymer complex composition having reactive hydrogen atoms as determined by the Zerewitinoff test contains from 0.5 to 50% by weight of a preformed polymer, a minor proportion of which has been reacted with the polyol by generation of free radicals within the mixture of the polyol and preformed polymer or in a component of such a mixture before mixing thereof. The preformed polymer is natural or synthetic and the polyols specified include polyether and polyester polyols. The free radicals may be generated by a peroxy or azo catalyst, radiation, ultrasonics or shearing forces. Polyurethanes are produced from the polyol/polymer complex by reacting it with an organic polyisocyanate or polyisothiocyanate. In Example 1, polyacrylonitrile is reacted with a polyol (Polyol A) made by addition of 1,2-propylene oxide to glycerol or with a tris(polypropylene-glycol)phosphite, a triol produced by addition of 1,2-propylene oxide to an ethylene oxide-glycerol adduct, a polyester polyol produced from methyl epsilon-caprolactone, epsilon-caprolactone and trimethylol ethane, or the adduct of 1,2-propylene oxide with diethylene triamine or a phenol/aniline/formaldehyde condensate. In other examples, Polyol A is reacted with (2) to (4) polyvinyl chloride, (5a) vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate - vinyl alcohol terpolymer, (6) a butadiene-styrene rubber, (7) a vinyl chloride - acrylonitrile copolymer, (8) gum arabic, (9) natural rubber, (10) hydroxyethyl cellulose, (11) a vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate copolymer, (12) polyvinyl formal, (13) a polycarbonate resin based on 2,2-bishydroxyphenyl propane, (14) polyvinyl acetate, (16) a polychloroether having repeating units of formula (17) polystyrene, (18) a phenol-formaldehyde resin of structure (19) polypropylene, (20) a polyhydroxyether resin having units of formula or (21) carbon black loaded reclaimed natural rubber, and (15) a polyester triol made from methyl epsilon-caprolactone, epsilon-caprolactone and trimethylol methane is reacted with an acrylonitrile - vinyl chloride - vinylidene chloride terpolymer. Cast polyurethane elastomers are produced from the complexes of Examples 1 to 21 by reaction with tolylene diisocyanates and polyurethane foams are similarly produced from the complexes of Examples 1, 6, 17 and 20.