| 摘要 |
Quaternary ammonium salts suitable for rendering fabrics water repellant are prepared by reacting (a) a halide of an aliphatic carboxylic acid having at least ten carbon atoms with an aliphatic aldehyde and a tertiary amine and (b) a mixture of a higher fatty acid and a weak carboxylic acid with an aliphatic aldehyde and thionyl chloride and treating the intermediate product thus obtained with a tertiary amine. Instead of using an acid chloride of the higher fatty acid a mixture of the acid with thionyl chloride may be used. In examples: (1) stearyl, lauric and oleyl chlorides are reacted with paraformaldehyde and pyridine: (2) stearyl chloride, paraldehyde and pyridine are reacted together to give a -stearoxyethylpyridinium chloride: (3) palmitic acid, paraformaldehyde and thionyl chloride are heated on a steam bath and the resulting chlormethylpalmitate treated with pyridine: (4) stearoxymethylpyridiniumacetate is obtained by reacting stearic acid, acetic acid, paraformaldehyde and thionylchloride and treating the product with pyridine: (5) chlormethylstearate made as in example 1 is treated with triethanolamine. For waterproofing cotton, linen, rayon, cellulose acetate, wool and silk the textile, after treatment with the water solution or dispersion, is dried below 100 DEG C. and then heated to decompose the impregnated quaternary ammonium salt. The treating solution may contain a salt of a weak acid to avoid tendering and to give the textile a soft feel. No salt is necessary when a strong base such as trimethylamine is used as the tertiary amine or when weak organic acids are used in place of halides. The solutions of the products foam strongly. |
