| 摘要 |
Quaternary ammonium compounds and compositions comprising the compounds are disclosed. The compositions are valuable as gas hydrate inhibitors in the oil and gas exploration, recovery and processing industries. The compounds and compositions may have improved biodegradability and reduced toxicity when compared with benchmark materials. Quaternary ammonium compounds of the present disclosure have the formula (I) in which R is C1-4 alkyl, C6-10aryl, or C1-4alkyl-C6-10aryl; R1 is hydrogen or a group of formula C(=O)X; and R2 is hydrogen or a group of formula C(=O)Y, provided that R1 and R2 are not both hydrogen; X and Y are each independently a hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl or C1-6alkenyl group, and Z is a C4-24alkyl or C4-24alkenyl group; each D is independently C1-4alkylene; and A- is an anion. The preferred anion is methosulphate generated from dimethylsulfate. Suitable long chain fatty acids or fatty acid mixtures to form the Z-C(O)O group include rapeseed oil fatty acids, soya oil fatty acids, tall oil fatty acids, tallow oil fatty acids, palm oil fatty acids, palm kernel oil fatty acids, coconut oil fatty acids, stripped coconut oil fatty acids, cottonseed oil fatty acids, wheat germ oil fatty acids, olive oil fatty acids, cornoil fatty acids, sunflower oil fatty acids, safflower oil fatty acids, and hemp oil fatty acids. |
