| 摘要 |
Goods are made from aqueous dispersions of rubber and the like by converting them into flocculent or granular precipitates and then consolidating the precipitate by filtration. The flocculent precipitates are obtained by effecting the coagulation in the presence of a large amount of water with or without a certain amount of colloidal or restraining substance. A variety of common coagulating agents may be used, of which acetic acid, and magnesium sulphate are typical. In addition, however, ordinary compounding ingredients, ball clay and gas black, or such organic materials as trinitrophenol dissolved in benzol may also be used as coagulating agents. Examples of restraining substances are casein, glue, gum acacia, and sodium aluminate. The amount of such substances influences the degree of fineness of the precipitate. The concentration of the dispersions should not be greater than 10 per cent total solids. The dispersions of rubber comprise those consisting of rubber, guttapercha, balata or similar vegetable resins, or artificial dispersions of coagulated rubber, artificial rubber waste or reclaim. The usual compounding ingredients may be added prior to precipitation. The precipitates may be filtered on cotton fabric or fine mesh wire gauze; suction and pressure may be used. When the precipitate is in a damp powdery condition consolidation can be hastened by treating the filter cake with a rubber solvent mixed with a mutual solvent for water and the rubber solvent, e.g. alcohol. Products ranging from soft rubber to vulcanite may be produced, and in certain cases vulcanization is not necessary. The compact coagulum obtained on filtration may be moulded before or after drying. The granular precipitates may be formed into continuous sheet material by known felting operation, or they may be mixed with dispersions of leather fibre, asbestos fibre, wood pulp, abrasives, cork and the like to act as bonding agents, the admixture being compacted by filtration. A composite sheet may be made from a layer of material composed of 25 parts of rubber and 75 parts of leather dust obtained by precipitating and filtering a diluted dispersion of rubber and leather dust, and a layer of pure rubber, by pouring a layer of a granular precipitate over the filter cake of the rubber-leather composition. The whole is then consolidated by suction and pressure. A moulded pattern may be impressed on the sheet. Several examples are given of methods of preparing the granular precipitates of which the following is typical. In all cases the concentration of the rubber dispersion is reduced to 4 per cent total solids. To 100 c.c. of latex of the above concentration 1,6 c.c. of a 5 per cent solution of casein is added and then 4 c.c. of a 10 per cent solution acetic acid with stirring. The precipitate is then thrown down. Specifications 219,635, 290,313, [both in Class 70, Indiarubber &c.], 373,262, and 373,263 are referred to.
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