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1. A microprocessor-implemented response system for an exceptional charge event in an energy storage system having a plurality of series-connected battery elements, comprising:
a first charge imbalance detection system monitoring, using the microprocessor, the energy storage system for a charge imbalance using a first detection modality, said first charge imbalance detection system initiating a reduction of said charge imbalance using a first response modality; a second charge imbalance detection system monitoring, using the microprocessor, the energy storage system for an exceptional charge event of a particular one battery element of the plurality of battery elements using a second detection modality different from said first detection modality; and a remediation system initiating a response to said exceptional charge event using a second response modality different from said first response modality, said response decreasing a risk associated with said exceptional charge event.
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