| 摘要 |
FIELD: chemistry.SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to a method of neutralising a sulphonated block copolymer, versions of a neutralised sulphonated block copolymer, versions of devices having a membrane, a means of storing a polar component and a method of stabilising or storing a polar component. The neutralisation method involves obtaining a micellar solution containing 1-30 wt % unneutralised block copolymer and an organic solvent, and adding a metal compound. The unneutralised sulphonated block copolymer is solid in water and has the general configuration A-B-D-B-A, A-D-B-D-A, (A-D-B)(A), (A-B-D)(A), (A-B-D)X, (A-D-B)X or mixtures thereof, where n is an integer from 2 to 30, X is a coupling reaction agent residue. Each block A essentially does not contain any sulphonic acid functional groups or sulphonate groups. Each block B is a polymer block containing 10-100 mol% sulphonic acid functional groups or sulphonate groups based on the total number of monomer links of block B. Each block D is a modifying impact-resistant block, characterised by glass transition temperature below 20°C. The organic solvent is formed by one or more aprotic apolar aliphatic solvents and is a nonpolar liquid phase. 80% to 100% sulphonic acid functional groups or sulphonate groups of the sulphonated blocks B are neutralised with a polar component - a metal compound which contains sodium, potassium, caesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, aluminium, tin, lead, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, silver, zinc, cadmium or mercury or contains a metal from periods 3-6 and groups 2-14 of the Periodic Table of Elements. The neutralised block copolymer is used in a membrane. A device having such a membrane is selected from a group comprising a moisture monitoring device, a direct electrodialysis device, a reverse electrodialysis device, an pressure-limited osmosis device, a direct osmosis device, a reverse osmosis device, a selective water addition device, a selective water removal device and accumulators. The means of storing a polar component comprises a nonpolar liquid phase, 1-30 wt % sulphonated block copolymer in micellar form, adapted to confine the polar component. The method of stabilising or storing the polar component involves preparing a solution containing a nonpolar liquid phase and a sulphonated block copolymer and adding the polar component. The polar component is then confined in the micelle.EFFECT: invention enables to obtain membranes which are capable of facilitating transfer of water at a high rate while blocking transfer of other chemicals, without considerable swelling of the ion-containing phase.33 cl, 4 tbl |
