LITHIUM RECHARGEABLE CELL WITH REFERENCE ELECTRODE FOR MONITORING STATE OF HEALTH

摘要

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a battery management system suitable for improving the life or safety of a battery.SOLUTION: A battery management system includes one or more lithium ion cells in electrical connection. Each cell comprises first and second working electrodes and one or more reference electrodes. Each reference electrode is electrically isolated from the working electrodes, and has a separate tab or a current collector exiting the cell and providing an additional terminal for electrical measurement. The battery management system comprises a battery state-of-charge monitor, and the monitor is operable for receiving information related to the potential difference of the working electrodes and the potential of one or more of the working electrodes versus the reference electrode.