Facile synthsis of graphene, graphene derivatives and abrasive nanoparticles and their various uses, including as tribologically-beneficial lubricant additives

摘要

Hydrodynamic cavitation-inducing inertial, non-inertial, and combination reactors are employed in the hydrothermal synthesis of graphene and its derivatives, both in solution and vapor. Various hydrodynamic cavitation reactor embodiments are revealed. Water is used to both nucleate and “self-heal” graphene sheet growth in solution and vapor. Various methods of combustion, hydrothermal and dehydration synthesis of graphene and its derivatives are revealed. Additionally, water and ice are used as a substrate, both alone and in combination with other substrates, to grow and recover useful graphene and its derivatives.