| 摘要 |
FIELD: chemistry.SUBSTANCE: method involves depositing dry aerosols on a depositing substrate made of moulded thin-fibre plates with a microporous structure of hydrophilic materials and placed inside a container with a cover, wherein before deposition, an isometric layer of a coolant is formed artificially. The substrate is locally cooled inside the container. In order to generate turbulent convention with cross-flow of air from relatively hotter areas to cooler areas, a temperature gradient with turbulent heat supply is formed. Turbulent diffusion of aerosol particles is triggered. Aerosol particles are deposited on the surface of the substrate from the boundary layer owing to intermolecular Van der Waals interactions. Presence of acid pollution in the surface layer of the atmosphere is determined from the ratio of metals in the water- and acid-soluble fractions in dry aerosols. The invention also relates to an apparatus for detecting acid pollution of the surface layer of the atmosphere during winter, having containers with covers and a depositing substrate for collecting dry aerosols, a structure consisting of posts 1 and cross-bars 2, rigidly joined to each other. The containers 4 with covers are immovably mounted on support bars 3 made of metal or plastic angle blocks or wood strips with a rectangular or square cross-section. The support bars 3 are fastened by clamps on the cross-bars which are securely joined to the posts, thereby forming a rigid structure. In order to hold the coolant, the containers on the support bars are immovably mounted at a distance which enables to form a plate-like surface without disruption by covers of the containers.EFFECT: invention improves the quality and reliability of assessing the state of the surface layer of the atmosphere in cities, factory areas and other places during winter.3 cl, 5 dwg, 2 ex |
