| 摘要 |
FIELD: chemistry.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of producing nitroethers of monoatomic alcohols which can be used as efficient cetane number-increasing additives for diesel fuel. Disclosed is a method of producing esters of monoatomic alcohols by treatment thereof with a sulphuric acid and nitric acid mixture in the presence of a carbamide, separating the acidic nitroester and washing thereof, wherein the monoatomic alcohol used is 2-ethylhexanol and/or isoamyl alcohol, the sulphuric acid and nitric acid mixture has the composition, wt %: HNO- 18.0-21.0 HSO-62.0-65.0, water - the balance up to 100, and is prepared from 99.8% HNO, 93.4% HSOand spend acid obtained during the nitration process; the sulphuric acid and nitric acid mixture is treated at temperature not higher than 25-30°C for 25-30 minutes, and the acidic nitroester is washed first with flush water with the ratio of the product to flush water equal to 1:0.5, and then with 2% sodium hydroxide solution in ratio of 1:0.3.EFFECT: method of producing nitroesters of monoatomic alcohols enables to obtain an end product with output of not less than 98,5% with content of the basic substance of 99,5-99,8%, with short duration of the method and number of flushing cycles; the method enables to use up to 50% spent acids in the process and considerably reduces the amount of flush water. |
