| 摘要 |
<p>Fuel oil compositions comprise (A) a distillate fuel oil containing 1% or more of a thermally or catalytically cracked product, (B) a small amount of an organic epoxide as defined below, and (C) an oil-soluble basic substance having a b.p. of not less than 190 DEG F.; optionally together with (D) a phenolic anti-oxidant. A suitable fuel (A) is a diesel fuel blend of 50% straight-run distillate and 50% catalytically cracked product. The epoxide (B) is one of formula <F/1> where R1 is hydrogen or alkyl; R2 is alkyl, or the residue of a phenol, alkylated phenol, carboxylic acid, ether, or polyether, provided that when R2 is alkyl the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule is 5-18. Suitable epoxides are 1,2-epoxyhexane, 1,2-epoxydodecane, phenyl glycidyl ether, and octyl phenyl glycidyl ether. Component (C) may be organic or inorganic, including primary, secondary and tertiary aliphatic and aromatic amines, pyridine, piperidine, quinoline, and the oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates of ammonium, iron, or metals of Group I and II of the Mendeleeffs Periodic Table. In order to be oil-soluble the inorganic bases are used in the form of basic and superbasic organic salts, for example basic alkaline earth metal naphthenates, petroleum sulphonates, alkyl salicylates, and salts of alkyl phenol/formaldehyde condensation products. Component (D), when present, may be an alkyl phenol or phenate, bis-phenol or phenate, or phenol or bis-phenol sulphide or disulphite, examples being given. The functions of components (C) and (D) may be combined in a single additive, e.g. basic calcium alkyl salicylate. Further optional additives, which perform conventionally, are the condensation product of a chlorinated wax, phenol, and phthalyl chloride; cyclohexyl nitrate; a condensation product of an olefin and maleic anhydride; and phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine.</p> |
