| 摘要 |
Detergent compositions comprise the final reaction products of the sulphonation process which consists of (i) reacting a 1-olefine having 10 to 26 carbon atoms with uncomplexed, vaporous sulphur trioxide, and (ii) immediately reacting the product of (i) with excess aqueous alkali such as sodium and potassium hydroxide and carbonate, ammonium carbonate and triethanolamine, and finally (iii) saponifying the product of (ii) by heating at 220 DEG to 400 DEG F. The final product is a mixture of saturated alkane and saturated hydroxy alkane sulphonates and disulphonates, unsaturated aliphatic sulphonates and disulphonates. The compositions may contain various builders, e.g. sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate.ALSO:A sulphonated reaction product is prepared by reacting a 1-olefin having 10 to 26 carbon atoms with uncomplexed vaporous sulphur trioxide, immediately reacting the product with excess aqueous alkali (hyperalkalization), and finally saponifying the mixture by heating at 220 DEG to 400 DEG F. The product of the sulphonation step consists of about 30 to 70% of alkene-1-sulphonic acids, about 20 to 70% sultones having not less than five atoms in the cyclic group, and about 2 to 15% of highly polar polyfunctional disulphonic acids. The final product is a mixture of alkene-1-sulphonates, saturated aliphatic hydroxy sulphonates, alkene disulphonates, and saturated aliphatic hydroxy disulphonates. The saponification step converts the sultones into the hydroxy sulphonates. The 1-olefins may be obtained, e.g. from wax cracking, ethylene build-up, or by dehydrating the primary alcohols obtained by hydrogenating fatty acids or their esters, and may have up to 10% of vinylidene branching. The sulphur trioxide, which may be diluted with an inert gas, e.g. nitrogen or air, may be derived from, e.g. the burning of sulphur, or from conventional oleum stripping. Suitable alkalis are NaOH, KOH, NH4OH and the corresponding oxides and carbonates (OH.CH2.CH2)3N and substituted ammonium hydroxide. Suitably, 1.0 to 1.3 moles equivalent of alkali per mole of reacted sulphur trioxide may be used in the hyperalkalization step. Preferred temperature ranges are for the sulphonation 32-180 DEG F., for the hyperalkalization 32-215 DEG F., and the saponification 250-325 DEG F. The products are of utility as detergents. |
