| 摘要 |
1,013,888. Reaction vessel for fluids. POWER-GAS CORPORATION Ltd. March 6, 1964 [March 12, 1963], No. 9662/63. Headings B1F and B1X. A pressurized mixture of fluids is injected through a nozzle 40, Fig. 3, into a vessel 31, the nozzle having an aperture which is adjustable, so as to induce recirculation of the mixture round the circuit comprising vessel 31 and conduit 34, a proportion of the reacted mixture being withdrawn at 44. The fluids enter at 35, 36 and at least one of them may be preheated. The nozzle aperture is adjusted by handwheel 43 and threaded spindle 42, Fig. 4 (not shown) to maintain a desired pressure difference reading on gauge 45, which corresponds to a desired degree of recirculation. Vessel 31 may contain a catalyst, and conduit 34 has a jacket or heat exchanger 52, fed with heating or cooling medium depending on whether the fluid reaction in vessel 31 is exothermic or endothermic. A valve on conduit 44 maintains a desired pressure in vessel 31. Typically carbon monoxide and hydrogen are reacted to form methane using a reduced nickel catalyst supported on Kieselguhr. In Fig. 5 the fluid mixture flows down a centre tube 67 and up outer tubes 66 which are packed with catalyst. Tubes 66, 67 are sealed to plates 64, 65 and the plates and vessel 60 form a heat exchanger. The aperture of nozzle 73 is controlled automatically by diaphragm motor 76 to maintain the pressure difference reading on indicator-controller 78 constant. Temperature of the fluid mixture is measured by thermometer 86, and controller 85 actuates diaphragm motor 83 controlling the heating or cooling medium supply to the heat exchanger 81, 60, 84 to maintain the temperature constant. Typically naphthalene and preheated air enter conduit 68, secondary air enters at 69, tubes 66 are packed with vanadium pentoxide and phthalic anhydride leaves at 77. A third embodiment, Figs. 1 and 2 (not shown), uses a reaction vessel enclosing an open ended central tube to form a recirculation circuit. That arrangement is used to react hydrogencontaining gas and higher hydrocarbons to produce lower hydrocarbons, reacting hydrocarbons and sulphuric acid to produce sulphates or sulphonates, and hydrolysing organic compounds with water or alkali solution. More than one nozzle may be provided, and nozzles of various sizes may be interchangeable. |
