A non-aqueous electrolyte battery capable of making behavior of the battery calm at a time of battery abnormality to secure safety is provided. In a lithium-ion secondary battery 20, an electrode group 6 is accommodated in a cylindrical battery container 7 having a bottom. A positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate are wound via separators W5 to form the electrode group 6. The positive electrode plate has an aluminum foil W1 as a positive electrode collector. A positive electrode mixture including a lithium transition metal complex oxide as a positive electrode active material is applied to both surfaces of the aluminum foil W1 to form a positive electrode mixture layer W2. A flame retardant layer W6 containing a flame retardant is formed at a surface of the positive electrode mixture layer W2. The negative electrode plate has a rolled copper foil W3 as a negative electrode collector. A negative electrode mixture including a carbon material as a negative electrode active material is applied to both surfaces of the rolled copper foil W3 to form a negative electrode mixture layer W4. The flame retardant decomposes under a high temperature environment such as battery abnormality or the like.
