| 摘要 |
The nature of mesoscopic materials is disclosed, the structural characteristics and properties of cluster and orebody are described, and preparation technology and application technology of cluster are proposed. Matter particles are the abbreviation of the smallest particles of matter structure which have specific chemical properties or which are indivisible in chemical change. Preparation methods of cluster comprise physical methods, chemical methods and physical chemistry methods, etc., wherein physical methods comprise: ?physical crushing method; ?physical vapor deposition; chemical methods comprise: ?chemical vapor deposition; ?hydrothermal synthesis; ?chemical precipitation method; and physical chemistry methods comprise: ?sol-gel method; ?microemulsion and reverse micelle method. Cluster, ordered body and non-ordered body, has the effect of quantum fluctuations, while orebody, crystal and amorphous, has no effect of quantum fluctuations, which is the essential difference between them. The body distance of matter particles for different types of cluster is different, thereby resulting in their different performances. The needed body distance of matter particles for the same type cluster showing some different special properties is also different.
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