| 摘要 |
<p>981, 454. Photo-electric coulometric analysis. A. ANSCHERLIK. May 9, 1961 [May 23, 1960], No. 16758/61. Heading G1A. In an automatic coulometric analyzer for determining the basicity &c. of feed water a chemical reagent and a colouring indicator are added to the water which is then electrolysed in two separate but communicating cells in one of which a titration reagent is evolved the basicity &c. then being determined from the duration and value of the electrolysing current required for the titration the end point of which is determined by the production of a predetermined colour change between the solutions in the two cells as indicated by a known colorimetric arrangement involving a light source and two colour responsive photo-electric cells. As shown, the feed water is supplied via an overflow vessel 46 and an electromagnetically operated valve 11 to a mixing vessel 50 to which is also fed the reagent, comprising sodium sulphate solution, and the colouring indicator, comprising methyl orange or phenolphthalein solution from respective supply vessels 48, 49 under the control of electromagnetically operated valves 17 and 19 respectively. The mixture is then fed to two separate cells 37, 37a connected by a narrow tube and containing respective electrodes 40, 41 the cell 37a additionally being provided with an electrically driven stirrer 8 and cell 37 provided with an electromagnetically operated drain valve 14. The colorimettric arrangement comprises an incondescent electric lamp 38 (adjustable) diaphragms 52, 53, colour filter 51, 54 and oppositely connected selenium photo-electric cells 36, 39. In operation the cells 37, 37a are first rinsed by the water and then filled with water together with a measured quantity of the reagent and the colouring indicator. A D.C. voltage is then applied across the electrodes 40, 41 and in the ensuring electrolysis the sodium sulphate dissociates into sodium hydroxide in one cell and into sulphuric acid in the other cell. At the end point of the titration the acid reacts with the (alkaline) water and causes a colour change which is detected by the photo-electric apparatus. Since a constant electrolysing current flows the time which elapses between the application of the D.C. voltage to the electrodes and the (photo-electric) detection of the end point of the titration is proportional to the amount of reagent used and is thus a measure of the alkalinity of the water. The operation of the apparatus is controlled by electrical circuitry 20 (described in detail in connection with Fig. 2 not shown) to perform the following respective cycle. (1) operation of valves 11, 17 and 19 to allow the cells 37, 37a to be filled with the mixture. (2) Supplying, energizing A.C. voltage to lamp 38, a D.C. voltage of constant intensity between electrodes 40, 41 and "clutching in" to a synchronous motor, the movable elements of a potentiometer. (3) Interrupting all the components of step 2, the generation of a resultant signal from the oppositely connected photo-electric cells (which indicate the end of titration) and recording on a pen recorder the output potential of the potentiometer. (4) De-clutching the potentiometer and causing it to revert to its initial position. (5) Rinsing the cells 37, 37a by operation of valves 11, 14.</p> |
