| 摘要 |
<p>Copolymers are prepared by copolymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer with an acyl urethane of the formula: R-CO-NH-CO-XR1 in which R-CO represents the radical of an unsaturated carboxylic acid which, in the case of a polycarboxylic acid, may additionally be esterified with a C1-C6 aliphatic alcohol or the other carboxyl groups of which may also be substituted by the carbamic acid radical -NH-CO-XR1, X represents oxygen or sulphur and R1 represents an alkyl radical containing up to 6 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl radical, which radicals may be substituted. Acyl urethanes specified are isopropyl, butyl and beta-methoxyethyl N-acryloyl carbamates, beta-methoxyethyl N-crotonyl carbamate, the methyl ester of N-maleyl carbamic acid monobutyl ester and the butyl ester of N-maleyl carbamic acid monopropyl ester. Copolymerizable monomers specified are vinyl, allyl methallyl crotyl and propargyl esters of acetic, propionic, butyric, acrylic, methacrylic, crotonic, malonic, adipic, phthalic, maleic, citraconic itaconic and acetylene dicarboxylic acids, styrene and nuclear chloro-and methyl-styrenes, divinylbenzene, vinylcyclohexane, allylbenzene, allyl cyanostyrenes, alpha-substituted styrenes, vinyl pyridine, ethylvinyl ether, diallyl ether, hexyl vinyl ether, ethyl methallyl ether, methyl vinyl ketone, methyl allyl ketone, acrylamide, N-methyl acrylamide, N-methylol acrylamide, butadiene, chlorobutadiene, esters of butenediol, vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride, ethyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, dibutyl maleate and crotonamide. The polymers may be prepared by polymerization in bulk, solution or suspension. In the Examples: (1) butyl N-acryloyl carbamate and vinyl acetate are copolymerized in an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol having a pH of 3 and containing hydrogen peroxide as an activator, (2) the same monomers as in (1) are copolymerized in an aqueous medium of pH 5-6 containing sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate and sodium persulphate, the mixture of monomers being added gradually to the reaction medium, (3) methoxyethyl N-crotonyl carbamate and vinyl acetate are copolymerized as in (1) above, (5) butyl N-acryloyl carbamate, vinyl acetate and dibutyl maleate are copolymerized as in (1) above, (6) butyl N-acryloyl carbamate, crotonic acid and vinyl acetate are pearl polymerized with the aid of benzoyl peroxide in an aqueous medium containing the ammonium salt of a maleic acid-styrene copolymer; another copolymer which may be prepared in the same medium is that derived from a mixture of vinyl acetate, dibutyl maleate, crotonic acid and butyl N-acryloyl carbamate, (7) as in (2) but employing isopropyl N-acryloyl carbamate, and (8) acrylamide and methoxyethyl N-acryloyl carbamate are copolymerized in aqueous solution with the aid of a sodium persulphate/sodium metabisulphite mixture. The copolymers are applied to textiles in the form of aqueous solutions or dispersions or solutions in solvents such as aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons. Also present in the compositions may be precondensates of formaldehyde with urea or melamine, methylol compounds of cyclic urea derivatives, e.g. ethylene urea, and triazinones, precondensates of epoxy resins and acid donor substances, e.g. ammonium, magnesium and zinc salts. After application the compositions are dried by heating, e.g. to 60 DEG -180 DEG C. to render the coatings wash-fast.</p> |
