| 摘要 |
<p>Systems comprising sensing devices (SD), a signal combiner (SC), signal subtractors (SS), and signal multipliers (SM). SD (116, 402, 504, 604, 620, 708a, 708b, 708c) senses at a first location along a transmission media (TM) a first signal (Vf) propagated over TM (100, 502, 602, 702, 1025) in a forward direction and a second signal (Vr) propagated over TM in a reverse direction opposed from the forward direction. SC (406, 508, 606, 806) computes a Sum signal (S) by adding Vf and Vr together. A first SS (408, 508, 606, 806) computes a Difference signal (D) by subtracting Vr from Vf. A first SM (410, 510, 608a, 808a) computes a first Exponentiation signal (ES) using S. A second SM (412, 512, 608b, 808b) computes a second Exponentiation signal (ED) using D. A second SS (414, 514, 614, 816) subtracts ES from ED to obtain a reference signal (Vref).</p> |
