| 摘要 |
1,145,762. Reinforced plastics tubes. J. WALTER. 15 June, 1966 [19 June, 1965; 6 Sept., 1965; 9 Sept., 1965; 25 Sept., 1965; 17 Nov., 1965; 20 Nov., 1965], No. 26769/66. Heading B5A. [Also in Divisions B8 and F2] A tube of reinforced plastics, e.g. a polyvinyl tube having reinforcement of glass fibre filaments and/or bands of braided or woven fibres and/or strips of PVC, is made by passing a continuously fabricated plastics sheath, which, as shown in Fig. 1, is a sheath extruded from extruder 11, through devices 14, 18 and 19 which apply helical reinforcement and a device 15 which applies longitudinal reinforcement, and between pipettes 61 which force a liquid plastics material between the reinforcing elements. During production of the tube the interior thereof is pressurized with fluid which is prevented from escaping from the downstream end of the tube by the use of one or more sealing plugs. Takeoff devices 13 and 24 are also provided. Extruder 11 has a crosshead 12, Fig. 3, which comprises an axially adjustable hollow mandrel 83, 84 which sizes the newly-extruded tube 80, is internally cooled by fluid flow and carries conduits for supply of compressed air to mandrel extensions 112 and to rubber pipes 116, 117 which connect with the tube sealing plugs (see below). Take-off device 13, Fig. 6 (not shown), comprises two pairs of rollers (121-124) of which the upper pair (123, 124) are vertically adjustable, the sheath being fed between the pairs to be flattened marginally around an axial intermediate mandrel (184) attached to mandrel extension 112, Fig. 3. Helical winding device 14, Fig. 1, is shown applying bands (197, 198), Fig. 9 (not reproduced). Device 15 as described, Figs. 10 and 11 (not shown), supplies three bands of fibres (225A, 225B, 225C), longitudinally to tube 80 via a framework (202) and funnel (203). Helical winding devices 18 and 19 are each associated with groups of pipettes 61 which supply thermoplastic or thermosetting resin to impregnate the reinforcement, the nozzles of these pipettes being received in recesses (255, 258, 259), Figs. 12 and 13 (not shown), of a guide member (257). The impregnant when thermosetting is normally cured during passage through an oven 22, Fig. 1, but alternatively a catalyst may be added via inlet (501), Fig. 12 (not shown), the mixture being stirred by a rod (502) and the resin curing immediately after deposition. To support tube 80 adjacent winding device 19, Fig. 1, there is provided a gasket 273 on the downstream end of mandrel extension 112 which comprises an inflated rubber sleeve (274), Fig. 14 (not shown), having an outer layer (276) of low-friction material such as P.T.F.E. The tube is supported downstream of gasket 273 by compressed air supplied via extension 112, the tube being plugged by sealing plugs 421, 422, Fig. 18, which are alternately inflated into contact with the tube by air received via rubber pipes 116, 117. The method of operation of the plugs is shown diagrammatically in Figs. 19-22 (not reproduced), with the inflated plug being carried downstream by the tube for a predetermined distance and when it is deflated being returned upstream by resilient means such as a rubber band (452), Fig. 14 (not shown), attached to a helical portion of the associated rubber pipe. Plugs 421, 422 may alternatively be replaced by a gasket similar to gasket 273. In this case extension 112 must extend to take-off device 24. Device 24 comprises caterpillar tracks (336, 336<SP>1</SP>), Figs. 16, 17 (not shown), the former being biased into position by a compressed air ram (351). Various heating systems are described for oven 22 including a high frequency capacitive heating device, Figs. 25-27 (not shown), and a hyper-frequency device, e.g. working at 2450 Mc/s., Figs. 28-30 (not shown). As an alternative to pipettes 61, catalysed resin may be applied to the reinforcement from an annular reservoir (581), Fig. 24 (not shown), situated between cooled, inflated sealing annuli (588, 589). Upstream of reservoir (581) may be incorporated an evacuation chamber (592) to remove air from the reinforcement interstices. Additionally, an outer layer of plastics, e.g. polyethylene or PVC, coloured or otherwise, may be added from a further crosshead extruder after addition and impregnation of reinforcement has been completed. Further, the tube may be strengthened by interposing between consecutive layers of reinforcement, e.g. as at 100, Fig. 1, a layer of cheap plastics material such as phenol or polyurethane foam or expanded or unexpanded polystyrene, by means of a crosshead extruder or a coating device as shown in Fig. 24 (not reproduced). The only way of fabricating sheath 80 specifically mentioned, other than by extrusion, is by welding together the longitudinal edges of hemicylindrical shells. |
