ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL INCLUDING FUNCTIONALLY GRADED COMPONENTS

摘要

Electrochemical cells or batteries featuring functional gradations, and having desirable, periodic configurations, and methods for making the same One or more methods for fabricating cell/battery components, alone or in combination, are designed to achieve certain thermal, mechanical, kinetic and spatial characteristics, with consequent improvement in battery performance.The thermal characteristics relate to temperature distribution during charge and discharge processes. The kinetic characteristics relate to rate performance of the cells or batteries such as ionic diffusion processes and electron conduction. The mechanical characteristics relate to lifetime and efficiency of the cells or batteries such as the strength and moduli of the component materials Finally, the spatial characteristics relate to the energy and power densities, stress and temperature mitigation mechanisms, and diffusion and conduction enhancements The inventive electrochemical cells or batteries are useful for all applications that require high rate performance, high energy/power density, good durability, high safety and long lifetime.