| 摘要 |
The invention relates to a method of analysing or observing an object (40) along an observation direction (theta, phi), characterized in that:-a substantially monochromatic incident electromagnetic wave in the form of a polarized plane wave (E+) is directed towards the object,-an image of the object is captured, said image possibly being a point image, resulting from the electromagnetic wave (A(theta, phi)) that may be specular, scattered or diffracted by at least one interface or a volume of the object illuminated by the incident wave, in the observation direction,-a retarder (43) with adjustable retardation and an analyser (44) whose orientation is adjustable are disposed in succession in the path of the wave (A(theta, phi)), between an imaging sensor (45) and the object observed,-the retardation (Deltaeta*(theta, phi)) of the retarder and the orientation (psi(theta, phi)) of the analyser are adjusted so as to minimize-or even cancel-a part g(A) of the wave (A(theta, phi)) filtered by the retarder and the analyser.
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