PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR UPGRADING HEAVY HYDROCARBONS USINGSUPERCRITICAL WATER

摘要

Heavy hydrocarbons are upgraded more efficiently to lighter, more valuable , hydrocarbons with lower amounts of solid carbonaceous by-products in supercritical water using two heating stages, the first stage at a temperature up to about 775K and the second stage at a temperature from about 870K to about 1075K. The temperature is preferably raised from the first temperature to the second temperature by internal combustion using oxygen.