| 摘要 |
FIELD: chemistry. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention concerns solidified biomass applied as fuel alternative to coal coke and as material for various purposes, and methods of biomass obtainment. Solidified biomass applicable as fuel alternative to coal coke and as carbon material for various purposes includes semicarbonised solid substance or pre-semicarbonised sulid substance with apparent density of 1.2-1.38, obtained by processing involving heated compression of biomass obtained by photosynthesis, in almost completely sealed space, resulting in thermal decomposition of hemicellulose comprising one of the main source biomass components, that is lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, and low-temperature reaction of cellulose and lignin with preservation of their frames, and obtainment of indicated pre-semicarbonised solid substance or semicarbonised solid substance with maximum compression strength of 60-200 MPa and calorific power of 18-23 MJ/kg. Carbonised solidified biomass is obtained by heating of indicated solidified biomass in open air. Solidified biomass can also be obtained out of mix of source biomass obtained by photosynthesis, and metal particles or carbonised solid substance including biomass as main component, or cinders of material including biomass regenerated to cinders as main material. Method of solidified biomass obtainment involves: reduction of source biomass obtained by photosynthesis; loading reduced source biomass into chamber; insertion of mobile pressure-generating device into empty part of chamber loaded with reduced source biomass, so that a pressure could be applied to the source biomass by the pressure-generating device; compression of reduced source biomass by application of 8-25 MPa pressure to material by mobile pressure-generating device positioned in the chamber, with material heating to 115-230C, so that vapour and evaporated components obtained from source biomass by heating and pressing are collected inside the chamber by the pressure-generating device positioned in the chamber; thermal decomposition of hemicellulose comprising one of main source biomass components, i.e. lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, and low temperature reaction between cellulose and lignin with preservation of their frames and obtainment of semicarbonised solid substance or pre-semisubstance solid substance; cooling of the semicarbonised solid substance or pre-semisubstance solid substance by maintaining pressure of compression process to obtain cooled solid substance; discharge and drying of the cooled solid substance. Method of obtaining carbonised solidified biomass out of indicated solidified biomass involves: heating of indicated solidified biomass in open air; carbonisation of the solidified biomass by heating temperature and air pressure maintenance for definite time period to obtain carbonised solidified biomass; cooling of the carbonised solidified biomass by definite pressure maintenance to obtain cooled carbonised solidified biomass; discharge and drying of the cooled carbonised solidified biomass. ^ EFFECT: obtaining fuel applicable as alternative to coal coke out of biomass, with high durability and calorific power. ^ 14 cl, 10 ex, 5 dwg |
