| 摘要 |
Quantum cryptography uses the principles of quantum mechanics to provide secure communications among communicating entities. Conventional methods of cryptography use computationally complex mathematical techniques to encrypt information and guard against potential eavesdropping. Unlike conventional methods of cryptography, quantum cryptography depends on the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to protect against potential eavesdropping. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that pairs of canonical conjugate properties cannot be accurately measured simultaneously. In fact, the measurement of one property randomizes the measurement of a conjugate property. In quantum cryptography, quantum packets (for example, photons) may be polarized using a specific polarization basis where an attempt to measure polarization information using an orthogonal polarization basis will destroy the original polarization information. Thus, naïve observers (i.e., eavesdroppers) may inadvertently destroy quantum packets they attempt to measure. |
