| 摘要 |
The invention refers to an adiabatic calorimeter with thermostatic shell, designed to determine the heat of reaction, heat of solution and calorific value in pure liquids and solutions. In order to eliminate the heat exchange between the reaction vessel and the environment, the calorimetric vessel (1) is placed inside a Dewar vessel (2) that is enclosed in a solid aluminum block (3), whose temperature is maintained automatically, by means of an electronic device, at the same value as the temperature in the calorimetric vessel (1). A first thermistor (7), which is used to regulate the temperature in the calorimetric vessel (1) and, in the version with simple adiabatic calorimeter, for measurement, a second thermistor (8), which measures the temperature in the calorimetric vessel and is used for measurement in the version with differential calorimeter, a third thermistor (9) which, together with a fourth thermistor (10), are used to compare the temperatures in the calorimetric vessel (1) and the aluminium shell (3), a resistor (11) which heats the immersion liquid in the calorimetric vessel and is also used for electrical calibration and, if needed, a reaction vessel (12) whose construction depends on the physical system under observation and the purpose of the measurement, are all submerged in the calorimetric vessel (1). The first thermistor (7) is, via its connections (A-A1 and B-B1), connected in series in one of the arms of a resistive bridge (18), and in parallel with a resistor (R1). A group of resistors (K) and a potentiometer (P1), which help regulate the temperature in the calorimetric vessel, are connected in series in the adjacent arm of the bridge (18) in order to smooth the current. The current detected in the diagonal of the bridge (18) is amplified inside an amplifier (19) that controls a relay (20), which introduces into the circuit resistor (11), located in the immersion liquid inside the calorimetric vessel (1).
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