PIEZOELECTRIC VIBRATION DEVICE, PIEZOELECTRIC VIBRATOR, METHOD OF THE SAME, PIEZOELECTRIC OSCILLATOR AND FREQUENCY STABLIZATION METHOD

摘要

A piezoelectric vibration element is provided which includes a piezoelectric substrate formed of a thickness slip based piezoelectric material and a metal layer formed on a surface of the piezoelectric substrate. In the piezoelectric vibration element, a surface of the metal layer is covered by a layer formed by chemical absorption with a material having a nonbonding electron pair.