| 摘要 |
1,149,547. Hydrodynamic torque converters. CATERPILLAR TRACTOR CO. 13 March, 1967 [11 April, 1966], No. 11634/67. Heading F2C. A charging valve 20 establishing desired, and preventing excessive, pressures in a hydrodynamic torque converter 26 comprises a valve bore 21 disposed between the outlet line 28 of the converter and the inlet line 31 of a following cooler 29, and a single spring-biased spool 23 axially movable in response to pressure increase at the cooler inlet to effect a decrease in converter inlet flow. As shown, fluid is directed from a pump 11 through a filter 13 to a line 14 leading to a change-speed control system. A system relief valve 16 in the line 14 normally relieves through a line 18 to the valve bore 21 which in turn communicates with a converter inlet line 27. The output from the cooler is directed to a lubrication system via a relief valve 32. In normal temperature conditions, flow is directed from the line 18, across the bore 21, through the line 27, the converter 26 and the line 28, and back across the bore 21 to the line 31, as in Fig. 1 (not shown). A spool shoulder 39 and bore land 41 establish a metering annulus raising the pressure in the converter line 28 and a bore chamber 37. Converter outlet pressure is reflected in a valve spool chamber 36 which communicates with the chamber 37 via a spool passage 38, and the chamber 36 pressure acts leftwardly on the spool in opposition to a spring 24 which determines converter outlet pressure. A small bore (42) in the spool is provided to preclude hydraulic lock should the main path between the chambers 36, 37 become blocked. In cold weather starting conditions, the cooler 29 presents a greater than normal restriction and pressure in the chamber 37, and hence 36, rises to move the spool further leftwardly, to the position shown, to reduce the pressure drop between the converter outlet and cooler inlet lines 28, 31. This leftward spool movement also moves a spool shoulder 44 closer to a bore land 46 to restrict converter inlet flow, and separates a spool land 47 from a bore land 48 to divert some of the line 18 fluid directly to the cooler inlet line 31. Excessive converter pressures are thereby prevented. Under extreme cold starting conditions, the spool is further leftwardly moved (Fig. 3, not shown) so that flow between the lines 18, 27 is through metering slots (51) in the shoulder 44, and flow between the lines 28, 31 is blocked by overlap of the lands 41, 47, a low pressure path then being established between the line 28 and sump 34 through metering slots (52) in the spool shoulder 39. Thus the converter outlet pressure is maintained lower than cooler inlet pressure. Due to increase in the opening between the lands 47, 48, most of the fluid from the line 18 flows to the cooler and by-passes the converter. Any further leftward spool movement would block flow to the converter inlet line 27 so that with pressure drop at the converter outlet and in the chamber 36 the spool would be rightwardly moved. In Fig. 4 (not shown), the passage 38 is replaced by a spool port (54) extending radially from the chamber 36 so that the pressure in the chamber 36 reflects converter inlet instead of outlet pressure. In Fig. 5, excessive cooler inlet pressure is also prevented. The converter inlet line 63 is connected directly to the system relief valve 16 and has a branch 64 leading to the valve bore 65. Under normal conditions, the spool is positioned as shown, to regulate a constant converter outlet pressure. On increased converter outlet pressure, due to cold weather starting cooler restriction, the branch 64 s connected to sump 62 via a line 61 whereby both the converter and cooler are by-passed. In an alternative to this embodiment, the left hand end of the spool passage 38b is blocked and a radial passage 66 therein opened so that the spool is positioned as a function of converter inlet instead of outlet pressure. |
