N,N-disubstituierte Formamide als Halogenierung-Katalysatoren

摘要

N,N-disubstituted formamides of the formula: wherein R<1> and R<2> are independently selected from: a. unsubstituted or substituted C5-C30 alkyl, C5-C30 alkenyl, C5-C30 alkynyl, and joined groups; and b. aminoalkyl and polyaminoalkyl, aminoalkenyl and polyaminoalkenyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted; wherein the substituents are independently selected from any functional group which does not react with the substrate to be halogenated or the halogenation agent to be used; and mixtures thereof, wherein the substituents are selected to provide formamides which have low volatility, are useful as halogenation catalysts. Such catalysts are generally less hazardous to use than typical formamide halogenation catalysts because toxic catalyst by-products are also less volatile. Methods for using such catalysts are provided.