| 摘要 |
<p>745,666. Pressure gauges. IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, Ltd. March 12, 1954 [March 30, 1953], No. 8681/53. Class 106 (2). [Also in Group XXIX] An apparatus for determining the vapour pressure of a volatile liquid at predetermined intervals comprises means for taking and transferring a sample of the liquid to a closed vessel, maintaining the vessel at a constant temperature, agitating the liquid in the vessel to ensure maximum vaporization thereof, transmitting the vapour pressure to a pressure recording device of conventional type, and subsequently rejecting the vapour and excess liquid and purging the vessel. The closed vessel 9, Fig. 2, has a diaphragm pump 10. By exhausting air through the pipe 14 the diaphragm 24 is raised to draw vapour from the liquid in the vessel 9 through ports 22 into the pump 10. On applying pressure through the pipe 14 the diaphragm 24 is lowered, causing the ports 22 to close and the vapour in the pump 10 to pass down the tube 23 and agitate the liquid in the vessel 9. Pressure applied to the tubes 11, 12, 15 and 16 cause associated diaphragms to seal off the tubes 38, 13, 22 and 26 from the vessel 9 whilst the liquid in the vessel 9 is being agitated. The vessel is surrounded by a water tank 28 maintained at a constant temperature. When the liquid has been sufficiently agitated, the pump 10 is stopped and the pressure in the tube 15, and hence the pressure on the valve 5a, is released to permit the tube 27 to be acted on by the vapour pressure in the vessel 9. The tube 27 is connected to a conventional pressure recorder. After the pressure has been recorded, pressure is applied to the pipe 15 to re-close the valve 5a. The pressure on the valves 2a and 6a, through the pipes 12 and 16 respectively, is now released to permit compressed air to pass down the pipe 13 and through a heating coil 25 to the vessel 9, this air rejecting vapour and excess liquid from the vessel 9 through the pipe 26 whereafter the valves 2a and 6a are again closed by applying air pressure to the pipes 12 and 16. When fresh petrol is to be passed into the vessel, the pressure in the pipe 11 is released to open valve 1a. The means for taking samples of petrol comprises a pump 30 connected through pressure-operated valves 8a and 8b to two different petrol supplies by pipes 32 and 33 respectively. A slide 35 determines from which supply the desired quantity of petrol is to be taken. As shown, the slide is so placed that compressed air through the pipe 36 causes the valve 8b to close and shut off the petrol supply pipe 33. The slide, at the same time, protects the valve 8a from the pressure pipe 36 so that the valve 8a opens and petrol passes from the pipe 32 to the pump 30 and thence to the vessel 9 via the pipe 38. When sufficient petrol has passed to the vessel 9, pressure is re-applied to the pipe 11 to close valve la and the pressure on pipe 15a is released to open a valve 5b and permit the petrol in the pump 30 to pass to a sump through a pipe 37. The testing cycle described above is then repeated after which the slide 35 moves to the. right so that the next sample of petrol is taken from the pipe 33. To differentiate between the recordings, a pipe 39 is coupled to a second marking means on the recorder such that when the petrol sample is not taken from the pipe 32, the pressure from the pipe 36 for closing the valve 8a also passes along the pipe 39 to an additional recording device to 'form a reference mark on the pressure recording. The sequence of operations is automatically controlled by cams ensuring that pressure is applied to and cut off from the pipes 11 ... 17 in the correct order and time relationship. Each cam acts on a snap-action spring such as 53, and each'spring acts on a valve, such as 56, cutting pressure off from or allowing pressure to be applied to its associated pipe, such as 13. Communicating vapour pressure with pressure recorder. Although the means for transmitting the vapour pressure to the recorder may be a simple tube, it is preferable that the vapour itself is not used as the transmitting means. To this end, Fig. 5, a diaphragm 76 may be arranged to be deflected by the pressure of the vapour. Compressed air from a pipe 81 passes through a throttling capillary 80 to act on the other face of the diaphragm 76, this air escaping to atmosphere through pipe 83 having a nozzle 82 closed to a greater or lesser extent by the position of the diaphragm 76, the position actually adopted by the diaphragm being such that the flow of air through the nozzle 82 is just sufficient to balance the pressures. By cutting off the pressure to the pipe 15, the valve 5a is opened to permit the air pressure balancing the diaphragm to act on the pressure recorder connected to the pipe 22. This arrangement, Fig. 5, may be incorporated with the pump 10, Fig. 2. Such a combination is described with reference to Fig. 6 (not shown).</p> |
