| 摘要 |
Foamed and oriented polypropylene monofilaments having a diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 mm., a density of less than 0.6 g. per c.c. and a tenacity of at least 3.5 grams per denier, said monofilaments having a fine uniform cellular structure, are made by extruding through a die one or more monofilaments from a mixture of polypropylene and a blowing agent at a temperature above the softening temperature of said mixture, passing the monofilament or monofilaments into a water quench bath within a distance not greater than 6 mm. from the face of the die while maintaining the temperature of the bath at between 10 DEG and 80 DEG C. and orienting the monofilament or monofilaments by drawing at a draw ratio in the range 3:1 to 8:1. The polypropylene used in the practice of the invention is the crystalline polymer of propylene often referred to a stereo regular polypropylene of isotactic or syndiotactic configuration. Blowing agents used are materials that yield at least one mole of gas per mole of blowing agent at the softening temperature of the polypropylene mixture. Specified blowing agents include azobis formamide, diazoaminobenzene, N,N1 - dinitrosopentamethylene tetramine, N,N1 - dimethyl - N,N1 - dinitrosoterephthalamine, para, para1 - oxybis(benzenesulphonyl semicarbazide), azobis(isobutyronitrile), para,-para1 - oxybis(benzenesulphonyl hydrazi e), para,para1 - diphenyl bis(sulphonyl hydrazide), benzenesulphonyl hydrazide, meta-benzene bis-(sulphonyl hydrazide), and solvent blowing agents as, for example, monochlorotrifluoromethane, monochlorodifluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethylene, trichloroethylene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and low boiling hydrocarbons, e.g. butane, pentane, and hexene. The polypropylene can also contain other materials such as stabilizers, pigments, extrusion aids, and cross-linking agents. Preferably, the quench bath temperature is 15 DEG to 70 DEG C., and the die orifice is circular and of diameter 0.4 to 0.8 mm., especially 0.5 to 0.8 mm. The extrusion temperature is preferably from 180 DEG to 250 DEG C. and especially from 190 DEG to 210 DEG C. The preferred draw ratio is from 5:1 to 7:1. Extrusion pressures vary with the particular blowing agent and range from atmospheric to as high as 2,000 or 4,000 p.s.i. After the foamed monofilament is quenched, it may be heat softened to facilitate drawing, suitably effected in conventional manner, e.g. by conducting the filament over heated rolls or through a heating chamber maintained at about 80 DEG to about 150 DEG C. The softened filament is then longitudinally stretched. Examples relate to the spinning of a mixture of stereoregular polypropylene containing 0.54% by weight of 1,11-azobis-formamide. |
