| 摘要 |
<p>1,096,377. Preparing onions &c. LES PARSONS & SONS (ENGINEERS) Ltd. Nov. 4, 1966 [Nov. 26, 1965 (2); July 4, 1966], Nos. 50303/65, 50304/65 and 29916/66. Heading A4C. A machine for preparing onions and the like comprises a notched carrier 111 which moves the onions past topping and tailing knives 113, during which process they are held in the notches by frictionally restrained star wheel 112, which may operate a counter, knives 114 for slitting the skins and/or inedible layers substantially from top to tail, and ejecting star wheel 115 and an apparatus 116 for fluid, e.g. air or steam, blast skinning of the onions. The onion carrier 111 comprises a pair of vertical circular plates 20, 21 separated by spacer member 23 and mounted for rotation on shaft 25. V-shaped notches 26 are formed in the periphery of each plate so that the apices of all the notches fall on a common circle and the tangent to this circle at the apex of the notch bisects the notch so that the edges of the notch lie on opposite sides of the line of travel represented by said circle. The inner corner edges of the notches may be chamfered to provide V-seatings for the onions (Fig. 6, not shown). Onions are fed to machine where the open end of the notch is vertical with the tops and tails set horizontal. The topping and tailing assembly 113 (Figs. 7 and 9) comprises two sets of knife carrier devices, one on each side of the carrier 111, resiliently mounted to allow of lateral and vertical movement controlled by feeler means engaging the onion so allowing for variations in size and position thereof. To this end a pair of L-shaped brackets 36, 37 are attached to the frame. Each carries two bearing blocks 40, 41 in which is journalled a spindle 42 having a rectangular plate 45 secured tangentially thereto. Plate 45 carries 4 pairs of roller assembles 46-49 forming a set of V-shaped annular grooves in which slides a knifeedged member 51 secured to the under side of slide bar 50. A rectangular bar 52 secured at right angles to the end of slide bar 50 carries a lower plate 53 to which is attached by bolts 54, 55 a shorter upper plate 65. Guide blocks 62 and 63 are attached to these plates to constitute the feeler means, the inlet end being flared to allow of easy access of the top or tail of the onion. The knife blade 64, mounted at an angle across the feed direction (see Fig. 3) is fastened to a block 68 carrying 3 studs 69, 70, 71 which enter holes in an upright support block 72 fastened to bracket 52. The outer studs carry compression springs while the middle one is threaded so that adjustment of nut 75 allows the distance between the knife blade and the guide blocks to be varied. Screw 76 allows the distance of the complete cutting/feeling assembly from the carrier 111 to be adjusted. Resilient means 78 and 80 urge the assembly towards the carrier 111 and down towards the onion respectively. The longitudinal slitting means 114 comprises a pair of arms 84, 85 carrying knives 86, 87, each of which may comprise a pair of closely spaced blades. Arms 84, 85 (Fig. 10) are pivotally mounted at the top of upright limbs 96, 97 of L-shaped brackets, the other, lateral limbs of which 94, 95 carry spindles 98, 99 journalled in blocks 106, 107 fixed to the frame. Said limbs 94, 95 also carry cams 92, 93 which are actuated by round-headed studs 90 fixed to the article carrier 111, one for each notch, to move the knives away from the centre line. Resilient means 108, 109 urge the knives into the onion and towards the centre line, appropriate stops 210-213 being provided. The skin removing device 116 may comprise 5 containers 214 (Fig. 12) mounted on a pentagonal bush 117 secured to horizontally rotated axle 215. Air is fed in turn via a rotary valve to each of 5 axially aligned bores in axle 215, each bore communicating with 2 outwardly extending radial bores into which are threaded nozzles 216 located in holes 119 drilled in diametrically opposite positions in the wall of each container. Nozzles 216 have outlet slits 121 communicating with the inside of the container through slots 125 in the walls thereof. Guide means 126 (Fig. 3) are provided which co-operate with the carrier 111 to allow released onions to fall one by one on to guide 131 whence they are directed by an air blast from tube 129 into a container as it passes. In another embodiment, not illustrated, the containers 214 may rotate around a vertical axis, the bottom of the containers being formed by a fixed plate with an appropriately sited opening to allow the skinned onions to fall through. Reference is also made to the use of a single container which may be in the form of a spiral pipe with jets set along it. The containers may be mounted on belts instead of wheels. Several onions may be treated in a container together. The various shafts are driven by chain and cog wheel drives as shown in Fig. 3 from a motor 17 via a V-belt 138 and gearbox 18. Motor pulley 136 is of split-V type so that movement of the motor to and from the gear-box by a screw (153) causes the belt 138 to alter its radial position on pulley 136, thus providing variable gearing. In a modification (Fig. 16, not shown), the arms of star wheel 112 are provided with cutting means to slit the onion circumferentially and are drilled to provide air blasts to loosen the skin or inedible layers at the slit. Longitudinal slitting means 114 may then be omitted.</p> |
