Delineation and compensation for near surface anomalies in the seismic CMP method (2-D and 3-D) using spatially fixed patterns

摘要

Method declared in this invention relates to processing of 2D and 3D seismic exploration data. More particularly, it relates to the family of static correction methods used for delineation and compensation of near-surface heterogeneities. Time anomalies, caused by such heterogeneities, are detected, analyzed and removed from following processing sequence. If not removed, they mask useful information about true position of geological structures in time. Near surface anomalies are delineated via construction and interpretation of sets of surface-consistent time sections (2D) or cubes (3D), which are resulted from stacking seismic traces with common receiver point (CRP) or common source point (CSP). Combinations of different surface position of seismic sources and receivers on time sections are used to discriminate between surface anomaly and depth structure. Special case of time sections is the one where spatially fixed patterns of sources and receivers are used. This case is primarily used for 3D. Analysis of stacked time sections or volumes and estimation of time shifts is performed interactively by using specially designed software system.