| 摘要 |
Methods and apparatus are used for electrochemical planarization of an electrically conductive material surface with varying topography from a partially fabricated integrated circuit, in which protruding regions of the conductive material are removed more quickly than recessed regions to thereby increase the planarity of the conductive material surface. This is accomplished by using dissolution electrochemistry. The partially fabricated integrated circuit is used as the anode in an electrochemical cell, with the anode and cathode active surfaces positioned in very close proximity. By using highly resistive electrolyte and moving the anode and cathode progressively closer during electrochemical dissolution, the electrically conductive material surface is effectively planarized.
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