| 摘要 |
A hydrocarbon conversion catalyst, for alkylation, cracking, isomerization and polymerization reactions &c. comprises a 0.2 per cent to 10 per cent by weight solution of a catalyst which is a hydrocarbon-soluble compound of the metal in a liquid hydrocarbon irradiated with a total energy input between 0.5 and 5000 watt hours preferably 5 to 5000 watt hours, of radiation per mg. of solution usually conducted for a period of time 0.1 to 10 hours and preferably at a temperature of -17 DEG to 70 DEG C. The metals are titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron, cobalt, zirconium, tin, tungsten and platinum. The compounds may be halides or mixtures of two or more halides or organic compounds of said metals such as chelates, e.g. acetyl acetones, dithiazones, 8-hydroxy quinolines, prophyrins and naphthenates and organic acids such as octanoates. Organic/inorganic mixtures may also be used. Solvents are hydrocarbon solvents such as paraffinic and naphthenic hydrocarbons, including hexanes, octanes, nonanes, cyclohexane, mono and polyalkyl cyclohexanes and mixtures thereof. N-heptane is preferably used as a solvent. The solution should be substantially free from water and oxygen and may be irradiated in an inert atmosphere. Polymerization reactions specified are the polymerization of ethylene, propylene, butylene and mixtures of same.ALSO:Ethylene, propylene, butylene and mixtures thereof are polymerized with a catalyst consisting of a 0.2 to 10 per cent hydrocarbon solution of a compound of titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron, cobalt, zirconium, molybdenum, tin, tungsten or platinum, which solution has been irradiated with a total energy input between 0.5 and 5000 watt hours of radiation per kilogram of solution, whereby ion-pairs are formed. Hydrocarbons specified are paraffinic and naphthenic hydrocarbons such as hexanes, heptanes, octanes, nonanes, decanes, cyclohexanes, alkyl cyclohexanes and mixtures thereof, preferably purified by refluxing over sodium to remove water and oxygen. Catalyst compounds specified are chlorides, bromides, iodides, fluorides, oxychlorides; chelate compounds such as acetyl acetonates, thiozones, and 8-hydroxy quinolines; porphyrins such as tetraphenyl porphyrins, naphthenates, octanoates and mixtures of the above. The radiation, which may be carried out in situ and intermittently, if desired, may be effected by electrons, b - or g -rays, a -particles, X-rays, bremsstrahlung, tritons, deuterons, protons, neutrons, mesons, or fission, fusion or spoilation products. In examples, ethylene or propylene are continuously passed into the catalyst solution and the reactions are terminated and the products washed with methyl or isopropyl alcohol, and acetone. |
