| 摘要 |
The invention pertains to apparatus for the separation of liquid and heterogenic phases and is concerned particularly with apparatus for the purification of liquids which can be used in communal, agricultural and industrial applications. The apparatus provides containment of backwashing liquid within the apparatus with subsequent purification of backwashing liquid and supply of purified liquid to the consumer. The apparatus comprises a filter 1 with a filtering element 2 made of, for example, floating bead material (expanded polystyrene with bead size 0.5-3.0 mm) and a filtrat e discharge pipe 5. A pipe-type settler 6 is positioned below the filter 1, and the uppe r ends of settler pipes 7 are connected to a partition 8 which separates the settler from the filter. In the upper part of settler 6, an interpipe working space is formed and is connected to the filter through pipes 7. Pipe 4 for the supply of liquid to be purified i s connected to filter 1 under floating bead media 2. A source of compressed gas (with the possibility of providing a pulsed supply) and a device for the discharge of compressed g as to the atmosphere are connected to the upper part of the settler 6 next to the partition 8. In the process of contaminated liquid purification, compressed gas, for example air , arrives from itssource in the upper part of settler 6 where it accumulates. During the backwashing of the filter 1, the accumulated gas is discharged from the uppe r part of the settler 6 through the pipe 15 into the atmosphere. The gas becomes replaced with backwashing liquid arriving from the filter 1. In the process of facility operation, the backwashing liquid is expelled from the upper part of settler 6 by the gas arriving from the compressed gas source, becomes clarified in the pipes 7 of the settler 6 and further purified in the filter 1, and then is supplied to the consumer. If the filtration cycle shortens to less than 6 hours, then a pulsed supply of compressed gas is provided. The pulses of gas pressure transform into pulses in the liquid flow, resulting i n a short-term acceleration of liquid filtration through the floating bead material 2, and the disengagement of admixtures and their more deep penetration into the floatin g bead meaterial 2. This leads to a prolongation of the filtration cycle and reduction in the number of backwashes over a certain period of time, and subsequently to a reduction in non-productive use of liquid.
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