Method and device for treating householdwaste

摘要

To process rubbish and waste, it is sorted into materials for recycling and materials for incineration. The untreated waste is sorted into fine and coarse materials in a multifunction drum (2). The separated heavy fraction (34) is sorted (34) into unusable (87) and usable (88) fractions. The fine material (15) from the multifunction drum (2) is transferred to a biological stage (14), where the organic content is converted into a biogas (89) and water is extracted mechanically (55) from the residue (90), which is passed to a drying station (56). The dried matter (91) is transferred to a mechanical fine material processing station (65) to be sieved (67-72) and winnowed (74-79) for the separation of the remaining usable (92) and inert (93) materials to give a replacement fuel material (92) which has a calorific value, is dry and stable, can be stored and has a low odor. The multifunction drum (2) and winnowing unit (3) are in a single unit. The multifunction drum (2) is divided into pref. three sections to give a sieved and rich organic fraction of <= 60 mm and a coarser fraction of 60-150 mm to be winnowed (3) into light (33) and heavy (34) fractions. The sieve section (7) for the larger waste is a winnow (20) or an angled sorting machine (21) for separation into light and heavy fractions. The light fraction is passed to a biological stage, while the heavy fraction is cleaned (25), ground (29) and passed to the biological stage (14). The light fraction (33) taken from the winnow (3), as film material and the like, is passed to a recycling station (B1,B2). The heavy fraction (34) from the winnow (3) is sorted manually (4), if required, after cleaning (38). The biological stage (14) gives a biological action and produces a biogas which fuels a gas motor (58) to drive a generator (59). A water extraction (55) and drying (56) stage follow the biological stage (14), using biological or thermal drying actions. The dried residue (91) is passed to a processing assembly (65) for fine materials, using flat sieves and/or settling tables in succession followed by winnows, to be separated into combustible (92,B4) and noncombustible and inert matter (93,C). An Independent claim is included for a plant to process the waste materials. A multifunction drum (2) has an initial section (5) without sieve nets to give a mechanical loosening and separation using bars, ripping prongs and the like. Its following section (6) extracts an organic-rich fine fraction of <= 60 mm, and its third section separates out a coarser fraction of 60-150 mm. Preferred Features: A winnow unit (3) is directly after the multifunction drum (2) to separate the material into light (33) and heavy (34) fractions. The winnow (3) is a rising pipe system where all the fractions drop without pressure in a free fall, pref. with recirculating air for the light fraction with a settling chamber of perforated plates where the light fraction can drop in a free fall. The settling chamber is pref. shrouded by a suction hood.