The rapid deconvolution of complex chemical mixtures, such as combinatorial libraries prepared via solution-phase simultaneous addition of functionalities is demonstrated using HPLC. Libraries containing 25-216 members were screened for biological activity and active libraries are fractionated into discreet pools using preferred reversed-phase HPLC. The entire process can be completed from a single synthesis of 15-50 mg, without the need for fixed positions, serial synthesis, or tagging.