| 摘要 |
<p>A method of dispersing an insoluble material in an aqueous solution comprising the following steps: (i) providing a formulation comprising at least one insoluble material and at least one dispersant comprising a copolymer wherein said copolymer comprises a residue of a first comonomer and a residue of a second comonomer, wherein said first comonomer is an α,β-unsaturated oxyacid or anhydride and said second comonomer is an olefin having at least one polymerizable double bond and wherein at least one of said first comonomer and said second comonomer is substituted, wherein the substituents for said first comonomer are selected from the group consisting of esters, amides, thioesters and functional groups derived from reaction with nucleophilic reagents and wherein the substituents for the second comonomer are selected from the group consisting of epoxides; sulfonates; esters; amides; and optionally substituted pendent aromatic and heteroaromatic groups wherein said optional substituents are selected from the group consisting of sulfonates, nitrates, phosphates and other substituents derived from reaction with electrophilic reagents; (ii) dispersing said formulation in an aqueous medium. A method according to claim 1 wherein the second comonomer is selected from the group consisting of limonene and similar terpenes, vinyl cyclohexanes, vinyl cyclohexenes, vinyl pyridines, vinyl thiophenes, vinyl naphthalenes, vinyl furans, vinyl pyrans and vinyl pyrrolidones.</p> |
