| 摘要 |
A process for the hydroformylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a) a source of palladium, platinum, or nickel cations; b) a source of anions, other than halide anions; c) a source of at least one bidentate ligands of the formula R1R2M1RM2R3R4 (I) wherein M1 and M2 independently represent a phosphorus, arsenic or antimony atom, R represents a bivalent bridging group containing from 1-4 atoms in the bridge, R1 and R2 together represent a bivalent substituted or unsubstituted cyclic group whereby the two free valencies are linked to M1, and R3 and R4 independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group, or together represent a bivalent substituted or unsubstituted cyclic group whereby the two free valencies are linked to M2; and optionally d) a promoter; wherein the catalyst system is chosen such that - when a)-c), taken in molecular ratios of 1:2:1, are slurried at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure with a liquid mixture of the unsaturated compound feed and hydroformylated product taken in a volume ratio of 2:1 - said catalyst system is soluble to an amount of at least 2 x 10 -4 mole of the cation a) per litre of said liquid mixture; and wherein the hydroformylation reaction products are separated from the catalyst system in a solventless evaporative separator. |
