| 摘要 |
A liquid crystal display element has: a pair of substrates facing each other; a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates; a unit for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer, the electric field being substantially parallel to surfaces of the pair of substrates; and an alignment structure that an interface of one of the pair of substrates with the liquid crystal layer is not subjected to a positive alignment process and an interface of the other of the pair of substrates with the liquid crystal layer is subjected to the positive alignment process, wherein the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer is changed between directions both parallel to the surfaces of the pair of substrates. The liquid crystal display element of the horizontal electric field driving type is provided which is free of element deteriorations and breakages even under rubbing, excellent in the viewing angle characteristics and response characteristics, and can be driven at a low voltage.
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