| 摘要 |
A cryogenic gyroscope for detecting the angular velocity of a rigid system without reference to an external inertial system comprises a closed rigid casing (1) made of a superconducting material and kept below its critical superconducting temperature, for example, by immersion in a bath of liquid helium. A rotation-detector device (20) is situated within the superconductor casing. This device, which is rigidly supported by the wall (2) of the casing, includes at least one component (28) of ferromagnetic material, constituted by a plurality of ferromagnetic strips intercalated with layers of electrically-insulating material, as well as a SQUID magnetometer (31) which is associated with the component of ferromagnetic material for emitting signals indicative of the magnetisation of the ferromagnetic component as a result of a rotation of the casing. This magnetisation is the net result of the magnetisation which occurs in the ferromagnetic element directly as a result of its rotation by the so-called Barnett effect, and the magnetisation derived from the magnet field which is created within the casing due to the fact that the casing is also magnetised as a result of its rotation. By virtue of the fact that the superconducting material of the casing and the ferromagnetic material of the detector device have different gyromagnetic ratios, the net magnetisation of the ferromagnetic component is other than zero and is related to the angular velocity of the rotation of the casing. The measurement of this magnetisation by the SQUID magnetometer thus enables a measure of the angular velocity of the rotation to be derived. Any magnetic fields existing outside the superconducting casing (1) have no effect on the magnetisation of the ferromagnetic component within the superconducting casing since the latter screens such magnetic fields by the so-called Meissner effect. |
