| 摘要 |
This invention provides improved electrode structures for electrically communicating between electrical therapeutic equipment and internal body tissue. Bundles of highly flexible, highly electrically conductive, preferably non-metallic carbon based, isotropically conductive fibers of diameters of the individual fibers in the micron range provide very large surface areas to apply electrical energy to the body tissue. Substantially non-electrically polarizing properties, particularly of carbon, and a substantially non-thrombogenic surface (present in carbon) represent critical features of the tissue to electrode interface in biomedical applications. Thus, more reliable-longer life implants of heart defibrillators, neurostimulators and the like result. This electrode structure with accompanying integrated electrical lead is implantable by puncture through body tissue thereby avoiding major surgery and general anesthesia required in the prior art. Accordingly the invention relates to the electrode and accompanying more effective therapeutic equipment as well as methods of therapeutic treatment with electrical current technology.
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