| 摘要 |
The invention comprises organic 1,2-carbonates of formula <FORM:1049643/C2/1> wherein Z is a polyvalent hydrocarbon radical, M is hydrogen, alkali metal, or alkaline earth metal; and n is an integer of 1 to 4. Preferred compounds are half esters of poly- or dibasic acids with 1,2-carbonates of alpha, beta or gamma alkane triols, which may be prepared by reacting the polycarboxylic acid anhydride with the alcohol, either by a fusion reaction or better by reaction in an inert solvent; alternatively the polycarboxylic acid itself may be used. The radical Z may be cycloaliphatic, aliphatic, aromatic, alkaryl or aralkyl, and may be saturated, or ethylenically or acetylenically unsaturated, and interrupted by oxygen, sulphur, or nitrogen. The residual valencies may be occupied by a large number of the usual substituents for hydrogen in hydrocarbon radicals. Examples are given for the preparation of 4-(1,3-dioxolone-2) methyl hydrogen maleate from maleic anhydride and glyceryl carbonate; homologous maleates from 1,2,6 - hexanetriol-; 1,2,5 - pentanetriol-; and 1,2,4 - butanetriol - 1,2 - carbonates; for the corresponding four itaconates; for phthalyl glyceryl 1,2-carbonate; and succinyl glyceryl 1,2-carbonate by (1) a fusion reaction, and (2) a reaction in inert solvent; esters from glyceryl 1,2-carbonate with allyl succinic anhydride, and with dodecylene succinic anhydride; for the following half esters of glyceryl 1,2-carbonate; 1-chlorosuccinate; 1,2-dichlorosuccinate; methyl mercapto succinate; S-acetylthiomalate; tetrahydrophthalate; hexahydrophthalate; endomethylene tetrahydrophthalate; 3-chloro- and 3-nitro-phthalate; and glutarate; and for 1,2,4,5-benzene-tetracarboxylic acid diester.ALSO:Thermoplastic polymers are foamed or expanded by heating the polymer which contains as part of its molecule, or is admixed with a compound containing, at least one -COOM group where M is hydrogen or alkali or alkaline earth metal, and at least one cyclic 1,2-carbonate group <FORM:1049643/C3/1> The disclosed subject matter is identical with the disclosure of Specification 1,049,642.
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