Process for the bacteriological oxidation of ferrous salts in acidic solution

摘要

A process for the oxidation of ferrous salts in acidic solution comprises subjecting the solution to the action of an activated sludge containing iron-oxidizing bacteria carried out on particles of solid material in liquid suspension. The acidic solution or liquor containing ferrous salts is fed to hopper shaped oxidation tanks 11, 12 and 13 arranged in series. The outflow from tank 13 passes to a sludge recovery tank 14, constituted by a flat-bottomed drum fitted with a slowly revolving rake 15. The rake serves to push the jelly-like sludge towards an air lift inlet whence it is carried by an air flow back to the first oxidation tank 11. Air for aerating the liquid suspension in tanks 11, 12 and 13 is supplied through a suitable arrangement of perforated pipes. It will be appreciated that since the solution under treatment is corrosive, the materials of the various vessels and pipes should be chosen to be appropriately corrosion resistant. The oxidation tanks 11, 12 and 13 contain an activated sludge comprising motile, iron oxidizing bacteria present in or on a suspension of particles of iron oxide which have been precipitated during the operation of the process. The liquid from the sludge recovery tank 14 in which liquid almost all the ferrous salts have been oxidized to ferric salts passes to a storage tank 16, whence it is fed by a pump 17 to flow through a reactor 18 in which the ferric salts are neutralized. The liquor containing ferric and, in the case of a mine effluent, aluminium salts and sulphuric acid in storage tanks 16 is fed, by means of pump 17, vertically upwards through a reactor 18 containing an expanded bed of limestone grit. The reactor is provided with a mechanical attrition device in the form of a rapidly rotating impeller (shown in Fig. 2) and this device acts to chip away the ferric or aluminium hydroxide coating which forms on the limestone particles during operation of the process. It has been unexpectedly found that the limestone can be kept in an active condition in this way without the consumption of an economically prohibitive quantity of power, and without undue loss of limestone. The neutralized liquor from reactor 18 is passed into a small tank 19 in which any limestone grit which may have accidentally been discharged from reactor 18 is trapped by sedimentation. The liquor is then passed to a semi-continuous sedimentation tank 20, the overflow from which constitutes the purified and neutralized liquor. The sludge from tank 20 is drawn off to a sand draining bed or other suitable filter shown as tank 22. Referring now to Fig. 2, the liquor to be treated enters through a port 40 at the bottom of a reactor in the form of a vertical column 41, and leaves through a port 42 at the top. The bottom portion of the column 41 contains a coarse bed of unreactive material 43 whose function is to support the bed of reactive limestone grit 44. The rest level of the bed of reactive grit 44, that is, when there is substantially no inflow and the attrition device is not being operated is shown at 45, and its normal level when expanded during operation of the process is indicated at 46. A rotating blade impeller having blades or discs 47 on a shaft 48 and driven by a motor 49 is mounted with the blades projecting into the column. The normal level of the top of the liquor in the reactor is indicated at 50. The reactor contains high calcium or dolomitic limestone grit of a mesh size 16 to 60 B.S.S. which is maintained in suspension by control of the rate of upward flow of the liquor. The mechanical attrition device is fitted to the column at such a height that it is not submerged by grit when the water is not flowing and yet is covered by grit when the process is in operation. The device has the form of a rapidly spinning disc to which are fixed projections so that the grit and water are drawn across the face of the disc and the grit particles are subjected to an abrasive or percussive action.