Enzyme immunoassays and immunologic reagents

摘要

Detection of bindable substances such as antibodies and antigens using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays having particular utility in home diagnostic applications. The preferred implementation of the invention is characterized by the steps of admixing a sample suspected of containing the bindable substance to be detected with an antibody-enzyme conjugate, immersing an antibody coated solid support into the mixture and then exposing the coated support to an activated chromogenic solution. The conjugate for use in the home diagnostic assay is preferably contained within a lyophilized mixture. The lyophilized mixture contains components which preserve the antibody-conjugate's reactivity and immunologic binding specificity even if the lyophilized mixture had been subjected to hot, humid environmental conditions. Active components in the lyophilized mixture include polyethylene glycol, sugars, and surfactant. The antibody coated support is treated with an improved blocking solution containing a blocking agent such as bovine serum albumin or milk protein in admixture with a sugar. The blocking solution prevents nonspecific binding of immunologic reagents to the support and protects the antibody on the support from loss of reactivity and immunologic binding specificity even if the antibody coated support had been subjected to hot, humid environmental conditions.