| 摘要 |
A method of flowing a high viscosity substance, such as a delayed cross-linked fracturing gel, through a conduit or well fracture at a low apparent viscosity comprises selecting a cross-linkable fluid having nonhomogeneous flow properties and flowing the fluid through the conduit or well fracture at fluid conditions which produce nonhomogeneous flow of the fluid at low apparent viscosity, and preferably at a minimal apparent viscosity. Also included is a method of determining the fluid conditions at which the fluid flows nonhomogeneously at a low or minimal apparent viscosity. The method may further comprise crosslinking the fluid while inputting shear energy to the fluid and determining the ranges of shear energy input to the fluid which produce nonhomogeneous flow of the fluid at a low apparent viscosity. The fluid may then be flowed at flow rates which create fluid shear energies within the ranges which produce nonhomogeneous flow at a low or minimal apparent viscosity in a conduit or well fracture. When used with a delayed cross-linked fracturing gel, the method further comprises determining the temperature in the preselected zone of conduit or in the well fracture and selecting a delayed cross-linkable fluid having nonhomogeneous flow properties which is crosslinked at or below the temperature in the preselected zone of conduit or in the well fracture but above ambient temperature.
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