| 主权项 |
1. A method of scale inhibition in aqueous medium due to metal ion interferences comprising adding to the water of from 0.1 to 100000 parts per million (ppm) of a phosphonate compound selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a phosphonate compound of the general formula:
T-B wherein B is a phosphonate containing moiety having the formula:
—X—N(W)(ZPO3M2) wherein X is selected from the group consisting of C2-C50 linear, branched, cyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon moiety, optionally substituted by a C1-C12 linear, branched, cyclic, or aromatic group, which moiety and/or which group can be optionally substituted by OH, COOH, F, OR′ and SR′ moieties, wherein R′ is a C1-C12 linear, branched, cyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon moiety; and [A-O]x-A wherein A is a C2-C9 linear, branched, cyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon moiety and x is an integer from 1 to 200; Z is a C1-C6 alkylene chain; M is selected from the group consisting of alkali, earth alkali and ammonium ions and from protonated amines; W is selected from the group consisting of H, ZPO3M2 and [V—N(K)]nK, wherein V is selected from: a C2-C50 linear, branched, cyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon moiety, optionally substituted by C1-C12 linear, branched, cyclic or aromatic groups, which moieties and/or groups are optionally substituted by OH, COOH, F, OR′ or SR′ moieties wherein R′ is a C1-C12 linear, branched, cyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon moiety; and from [A-O]x-A wherein A is a C2-C9 linear, branched, cyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon moiety and x is an integer from 1 to 200; and K is ZPO3M2 or H and n is an integer from 0 to 200; and wherein T is a moiety selected from the group consisting of:
MOOC—X—N(U)—; (i)MOOC—C(X2)2—N(U)—; (ii)MOOC—X—S—; (iii)[X(HO)n′(N—U)n′]n″—; (iv)U—N(U)—[X—N(U)]n′″—; (v)D-S—; (vi)CN—; (vii)MOOC—X—O—; (viii)MOOC—C(X2)2—O—; (ix)NHR″—; and (x)(DCO)2—N—; (xi) wherein M, Z, W and X are as defined above; U is selected from the group consisting of linear, branched, cyclic or aromatic C1-C12 hydrocarbon moieties, H and X—N(W) (ZPO3M2); X2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, linear, branched, cyclic or aromatic C1-C20 hydrocarbon moieties, optionally substituted by C1-C12 linear, branched, cyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon groups, optionally substituted by OH, COOH, R′O, R'S and/or NH2 moieties; n′, n″ and n′″ are independently selected from integers of from 1 to 100; D and R″ are independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C50 linear, branched, cyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon moieties, optionally substituted by a C1-C12 linear, branched, cyclic, or aromatic group, which moiety and/or which group can be optionally substituted by OH, COOH, F, OR′ and SR′ moieties, wherein R′ is a C1-C12 linear, branched, cyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon moiety; and A′O-[A-O]x-A wherein A is a C2-C9 linear, branched, cyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon moiety, x is an integer from 1 to 200 and A′ is selected from the group consisting of C1-C50 linear, branched, cyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon moiety, optionally substituted by a C1-C12 linear, branched, cyclic, or aromatic group, which moiety and/or which group can be optionally substituted by OH, COOH, F, OR′ and SR′ moieties, wherein R′ has the meaning given above; with the further proviso that D can also be represented by H; (b) linear or branched hydrocarbon moieties having from 6 to 2·106 carbon atoms containing amino groups substituted by alkylene phosphonic acid substituents and/or —X—N(W)(ZPO3M2) with respect to the hydrocarbon moiety, in either terminal or branched positions whereby the molar ratio of the amine moieties to the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain is in the range of from 2:1 to 1:40 whereby at least 30% of the available NH functionalities have been converted into the corresponding aminoalkylene phosphonic acid or/and into X—N(W)(ZPO3M2) substituted groups; and wherein the alkylene moiety is selected from C1-6; and X, W, Z and M have the same meaning as given above. |
