| 摘要 |
Cyclic ethers obtainable by the condensation of a trihydric alcohol with a di- or tri-hydric alcohol, an aldehyde, or ketone, are used as solvents, softeners, or plasticizers in the production and treatment of filaments, yarns, ribbons, fabrics, and the like from cellulose derivatives. The condensation products containing hydroxy groups may be esterified or etherified. The cyclic ethers are particularly useful in connection with cellulose derivatives of high ester or ether content, e.g. cellulose acetates having an acetyl content of 52-62,5 per cent. They may be used in the production of spinning solutions for wet or dry spinning, and in wet spinning may be employed in the coagulating baths or subsequent treatment baths, e.g. as in Specifications 179,234, [Class 2 (ii), Cellulose &c.], 340,324, 340,325, and 340,437, or in the spinning solution according to Specification 340,436. The cyclic ethers may be used alone or in conjunction with other low medium, or high-boiling solvents, and/or diluents. The solutions may contain also other constituents, e.g. dyestuffs, pigments, fillers, natural or artificial resins, substances reducing flammability, &c. The ethers may be used for the subsequent treatment of filaments, yarns, or fabrics, for example, to reduce the tendency of fabrics to slip, split, or ladder, according to the process of Specification 280,990, [Class 2 (ii), Cellulose &c.], to improve the pliability and knotting properties of filaments and threads; to improve the extension of filaments and threads; in shrinking processes, e.g. as in Specifications 380,504 and 389,823; and to improve the tenacity of filaments by stretching processes, e.g. as in Specifications 277,089 and 323,790, [both in Class 2 (ii), Cellulose &c.]. The cyclic ethers are also used in sizes for textile materials, and as softening agents in processes involving the absorption by filaments or fabrics of liquid or solid materials, e.g. in dyeing, printing, loading, mordanting, delustring, and relustring processes. The following examples are given:--(1) A cellulose acetate solution in acetone and methyl ether of the mono-acetate of di-glycerine di-ether is dry spun and the fiaments subjected to stretching. (2) A solution of cellulose acetate in aqueous acetone is extruded into a bath comprising a solution of the tri-ether of di-glycerine. The spinning solution may also contain a small amount of the cyclic ether. (3) Cellulose acetate filaments or yarns in hank form are soaked in a solution of the condensation product from glycerol and 1, 2-propylene glycol and stretched. (4) Cellulose acetate fabric is printed with a paste containing dyestuff or pigment, diethylene glycol, water, gum arabic, and the methyl derivative of the cyclic ether obtained by condensing glycerol with glycol. Cyclic ethers are obtained by condensing a tri-hydric alcohol with a di- or tri-hydric alcohol, a ketone, or an aldehyde. For example, glycerol may be condensed with itself by treating with a dehydrating agent, e.g. sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, zinc chloride, benzene sulphonic acid, or calcium chloride. There is obtained either the di-ether or the tri-ether, according to the extent of the condensation, and these may be separated from the non-cyclic di- and poly-glycerols, and from each other, by distillation. Products having similar properties may be produced from mixtures of glycerol with glycols and/or aldehydes or ketones, e.g. ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1, 2- or 2, 3-butylene glycol, iso-butylene glycol, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein acetone and benzaldehyde. Cyclic ethers containing free hydroxy groups may be esterified or etherified. Specifications 259,265, [Class 2 (ii), Cellulose &c.], 370,430, and 371,461 also are referred to.
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