| 摘要 |
1,235,887. Milking machines. J. N. PADMAN and D. H. CUMMINS. 14 Aug., 1968 [14 Aug., 1967], No. 38796/68. Heading A1M. Apparatus for removing milking machine teat cups from milking animals comprises milk flow detecting means associated with a milking line connected to a set of teat cups and teat cup removing means operatively responsive to remove the teat cups when the milk flow drops below a predetermined quantity. The milking apparatus operates in the conventional manner and includes a standard set of milking teat cups 11 connected to claw 12 connected by rubber tubes 13, 14 to the vacuum line 16 and control means 17. In the first embodiment, Figs. 1, 3, 6, a milk inlet tube 23 is connected to the interior 47 of a flow control plate 26 and an outlet tube 24 is connected with passage 52 of the flow control plate. The tubes and control plate 26 are mounted on plate 18. A float tube 28 containing a magnetic float 39 is also connected to the flow control plate 26. As milk begins to flow the float chamber 28 begins to fill and the magnet in the float 39 no longer holds reed switch 44 open. As the flow increases to more than half pounds of milk per minute the float opens reed switch 43 presetting microswitch 32. When the flow decreases the float falls and opens again reed switch 44 which this time causes the preset microswitch circuit to close a circuit connected to a solenoid operated valve 62. The activated solenoid closes the valve 62 so that the line 66 and cylinder 67 are connected to the vacuum line 16. Piston 68 rises causing cord 71 to lift the rigid pipe 76 closing the line 14 at 77. As the teat cups are disconnected from the vacuum they are released from the animal and drawn upwards. A reset button 37 operates the microswitch circuit to disconnect the solenoid and reed switch. In the second embodiment, Fig. 7, control means 81 are connected between milk line 22 and milk line 13. The control means comprises a sealed cylindrical casing divided into three compartments 90, 91, 92, Fig. 8, by transverse walls 86, 87 with holes 88, 89 formed in wall 86. A spherical float 93 of larger diameter than the holes 88, 89 rests on either side of a handle 94. Milk inlet/outlet tubes 96, 97 extend into compartments 90, 92. A control member 109 having a housing 111 with three integral tubes 112, 113, 114 is attached to the bottom of the cylinder 82. Tubes 112, 114 are connected by a Y piece to milk line 22 and tube 113 to milk line 13. In operation, the milk flows from the teat cups to chamber 90 via tubes 113, 96 and through compartment 91, 92 via holes 88, 89 to be withdrawn via tube 97. As the flow increases the float 93 is forced over the handle 94 to a position near hole 89. As the flow decreases the float is sucked into sealing engagement with hole 89, sealing off chamber 92. The vacuum supply to chambers 90, 91 is cut off, the pressure becomes atmospheric causing diaphragm 80 to rue and actuate a valve 101 so that a vacuum applied to cylinder 67 via outlet port 103 causes the teat cups to be withdrawn as before. The control means is reset by pivoting it so that tubes 112, 113 communicate with tubes 96, 97 respectively and the milk flow is reversed. In the third embodiment, Fig. 11, the control means 121 comprises a flow control bowl 122 connected in the milk line 22 suspended by a chain 123 from arm 124 mounted on boss 120 pivoted on bracket 127. A counterbalance arm is also mounted on the boss. The counterbalance 130 is more than the dry weight of the bowl 122 but less than the bowl when the flow is more than half pounds per minute. The milk flows from the teat cups to the bowl 122 which then over-rides the balance. The spring 134 moves arm 129 about its pivot so the end 131 moves from the notch 132. The milk flows out through apertures 149. When the flow decreases below half pounds per minute the balance 130 is heavier and rotates its pivot causing the slide valve 137 to open the top of the cylinder 67, Fig. 1, and remove the teat cups. The control means 121 may be reset by rotating the arm 129 by means of cord 154. -Further modifications include a vacuum or electrically operated valve incorporated in the milk line from the teat cups to close this line prior to removal of the teat cups, an adjustable valve in the vacuum line to cylinder 67 to control the rate of removal of teat cups and a second vacuum operated valve operatively connected to the cylinder 67 to open the gate to the milking bail when the teat cups are removed. The control means 17 may include further electrical circuitry to allow the teat cups to be dipped in a cleaning and/or sterilizing agent. |
