| 摘要 |
A process for the preparation of nitrogen fertilizers, especially oxamide, either indirectly or directly from oxalate esters, including the regeneration of the quinone oxidant utilized in the formation of the above esters. The process teaches preparation of oxamide, a potential slow-release nitrogen fertilizer via the oxidative carbonylation of alcohols with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalytic amount of a platinum group metal salt and an optionally substituted quinone (substituted or unsubstituted 2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione) followed by ammoniation of the filtered reaction mixture at room temperature, or below. High yields of isolated oxamide were obtained by regulating the temperature and pressure during the oxidative carbonylation and maintaining essentially anhydrous conditions throughout the process. In addition, nearly quantitative yields of the hydroquinones (1,4-dihydroxybenzenes) are recovered for recycle along with the solvents, or for other commercial uses.
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